Improved foeginb-maohine



I 2-8l 1'eelu s-sheet 1. W. P. DEFREES. PORGING MACHINE.

No. 7 ,266. Patented May 26, 1868..

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W. F. DEFREES. FORGING MACHINE.

No. 78,266. Patented May 26, 1868.

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IMPROVED POBGING-MAGHINB.

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TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

Be it known that 1, WILLIAM H. Dances, of Andover, in the county of Essex, and State of Messaehu setts, have invented an Improved Forging-Machine; and I do hereby declare that the following, taken in con nection with the drawings which accompany and form part of this specification, is a desdription of my inven tion suflicient to enable those skilled in the art to practise it. i

' Prior to my invention, forging-machines have been in usehaving a general a rangement and mode of open ntion as follows: a

About a common centre two pairs of hammers have been pivoted on helves or levers, which have at their rear ends, opposite to the ends bearing the hammer-heads, been opcratod-by-a cam, to cause each hammer of each pair to move away from its fellow, there being applied to some portion of each hammer, springs, so arranged as to act counter to the operation of the cam; and to cause each-hammer of a pair to give simultaneously a blow toward the common centre, each hammerofeach pair moving synchronously with respect to its fellow, whether moving toward or from its fellow, and each hammer-dread serving as an anvil-to receive and to react against the blow given by its fellow. In said arrangement there has been a provision for cutting oh the forged portion of V a rod or blank presented to the action of the hammers, without changing the centre of the rod from the position b which it had while receiving the action of the hammers, the hammers being stopped from moving during the time the cutting-operation is performed. i

This arrangement is faulty, inasmuch as the hammers brealcat some part of their helves, andd not give a drawing blow, such as is most cflicient in forging. V

My invention consists in an varrangement of opposite acting slides, to serve as hammers, by whichI dispense with helves, and thus free the machime from liability to breakage, combined with an arrangement of the sliding hammers, such'as shallcause them, when moving to given blow, to traverse in a direction from-the body of the rod or blank to be forged, toward the end or point thereof, thus giving what smiths term a'drawing blow, which is effective in rapid drawing or elongating toward the point of the forging, whereas a square blow, or a'blow in which the hammer does not in its movement tend either way from the centre qfpercussion, moves the particles of metal about equally in every -direction from said centre, but a drawing blow, such as I have described, moves a majority of-the particles toward the point or end of the forging; also, in moving the rod or blank after its end is forged, entirely clear of the hammers, by changing the general position of the rod, and thereby bringing it to the action of shears remote from the hammers, which in consequence do not have to be stopped in their movement. In the drawings, which illustrate an embodiment of my invention- Figure 1 is a side elevation of my improved forging-machine, adapted to the production of horse-shoe nails and other small forgings. I

Figure 2 is a plan of the same. Figure 3 is an end view, and Figure 4 is a sectional elevation, the section being taken in line 2 2, figs. 1 and 2. V a is the shaft, to which power is applied to work the machine, said shaft having one bearing in the upright, b, of'thc frame, and another bearing in the irregular piece 0, in which piece are the slides or ways which guide the hammers din their movements. On sa-id sha'ft are fixed the double-throw edge-acting dishing-cam e, which operates alternately on each pair of the hammers, the eccentric,f, which operates the shears, to cut the forging from the rod or blank g, and the cam 'h, which shifts the blanhand its bed i, so as to bring the forging to the position where it can be out off by the shears clear from disturbance by the continued operation of the hammers. The faces of the hammers dure so formed that they can meet on planes passing through the axis of shaft a, and dies may be formed in said faces suited to shape and form any article which'is to be forged.

Inspection of the drawings will show that the hammers d are so guided in the piece 9 that their movements are not at; right angles to planes intersecting the axis of the shaft a, the hammers moving in their descent away from the body of the blank g toward its point. Springs, j, are employed to force the hammers toward each other at the times when they are relieved fromthe operation of the cam. 7

mzse i 2 The springs on the horizontal hammers are of equal force, but of less force than the lower spring, and of greater force than the top spring, an d;set-screws, such as are seen at k, may be employed to regulate the ten sion of the springs, so as to vary the force of the blows to be given, as may be desired.

The parts of cam e, whichoperate on the projections from the hammers d, to move them outward against springs j, are made dishing. or inclined to theaxis of a, instead of squarethereunto, so as, in moving the hammers outward, always to keep the same amount of contact ivith the hammers in any position thereof, by ivhich construction the amount of the projections from the hammers, on which the cam e operates, is reduced to a minimum.

The blank-bed z'is connected to the post I by a kind otluniversal joint, composed of an upright and a horizontal pivot. The free end of said bed 2' ism-ado as :1 tube, having an interior of a. size and form adapted to the blank 'to be pushed through the tube to be forged, said free end being held in position by spring m, against the upper end of an inclined slot in the piece n.

The object of this arrangement of the bed i is to provide for movement of the forging and the blank away from he h mmers, so as to present the forgi ngover a stationary cutter,.o,-to be severed thereupon by the moving cutter p.

A rod, g, from the strap on the eccentric,f, works the rocker-arm r on the rocker-shaft a, there being at the other end of-said shaft another rocker-arm, it, having in its vibrating end a stud, t. The movable cutter p is fixed on one end of an 'arm, 1:, which is pivoted to piece 11', at its other end, and a hook, w, depends from said arm 1;, which is kept out of the path of vibration of stud u by a spring, z, except 'at'such times as the operator by movement of lever 31 moves the book 20 into gear with stud u, movement of lever 31 being communicated to hook w by bent lever, seen in dotted lines in fig. 2. The shears are not required to operate except at such times as the forging is presented to'the action of the chtters, which is accomplished as follows:

To a stand, a, is pivoted a lever, 15, the upper end of which is provided with a guide, c',-'on which a piece, 01', is fitted, so that it can he moved along against resistance-of spring f by pull on the rod e, to which piece (1' is fixed, the rod a being bent, so that when the lever y is operated to cause hook w to engage with, stud u -to vvork the cutters, then the rod e is pulled, and causes piece 01' to move into the path of operation of the cam it, which, impinging on 01, causes vibration 'of lever h'fwhich, through link g, lever 71', and link 2", draws down the bed i, and moves the forging where the cutters will sever it from the blank, g.

When the operator releases his hold upon the lever y, the spring :0 retracts the hook w as soon as the stud it moves upward, and the spring m lifts the movable cutter, the spring f draws the piece (1 out of the path of operation of the cam h, and the spring m draws the blank-bed i into position, so that the operator can thrust the blank, through the tube of bed 2' between the hammer fuces, so as toreceivetheir forging action. When V the end of the blank,g, is suflicie ntly forged and shaped, then by pull on lever y the forged article is presented to V the cutters, and the movable cutter severs the forging from the rod 9, all as and by the means before described.

It is intended to have the hammers operate on-hot iron, and the operator keeps soi'eral rods in afirenear by, so that as the heated end of the rod introduced to the dction'of tho-machine becomes cool, another hot rod from the fire is substituted for the one which has become cool.

The cums h and e, and the eccentrie ,f, are so shaped and fixed upon the shaft a, that the blank or forging on the end thereof, is made to move diagonally from between tliehammer-jaws at a time when they are fully open, and so as to clear any two approachi'ng jaws, and the forging being presented to the cutters, remains there 7 till the forging is severed. from the blank before the blank-bed assumes position in line 'with the axis of shaft a.

I claim the combination, ,for' the purpose specified, of tumor more pairs of sliding hammers, d, an independent spring, j, to work each hammer, inclined ways for each slide or hammer, and an inclined rotative cam, operutive on all of the slides tar hammers, all arranged and operating substantially as set forth.

Also, for moving the blank-bed from the hammers to the cutters,the combination of the cam k, the handworked slide d, and'the several levers and connections between said slide and the blank-bed, which cause the bed to be moved by the cam' in, substantially as described.

Also, for causing the cutters to operate upon the forged nail, to sever .it from the nail-rod when in position over the fixed cutter, the combination of the hand-lever which moves slide d with the hooked rod 0, pendent from the cutter-arm v, to throw the hook 'of said rod into gear ivith the-vibrating -pin u, worked from a motor, f, on the main shaft, substantially as described.

WM. H. DEFREES.

Witnesses I J. B. Gnosnr, FRANCIS GOULD. 

